Tension and Atmosphere in The Red Room by H.G.Wells, The Signalman by C

Strain and Atmosphere in The Red Room by H.G.Wells, The Signalman by Charles Dickens and A Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy To explore pressure and climate, I have taken a gander at three pre1900 pieces-'The Red Room' H.G.Wells, 'The Signalman,' Charles Dickens, and 'A Withered Arm' Thomas Hardy. They utilize a wide range of procedures, each with their own individual style however accomplishing the same by and large impact. They center around setting, depiction of characters and utilization of language. The Red Room is a story of a man on a mission to find reality with regards to the legend of 'The Red Room' in Lorraine Castle, as the youngster's destiny unfurls the crowd are driven with him, they feel his dread, hear his musings and experience his dread. 'The Red Room' has such a puzzle behind it, dread itself almost drives him to his demise. A story that needs warmth and every little thing about it ingrains fear. The title of the story has an intriguing air, the word red makes the crowd consider blood, risk, and demise, in 'The Signal Man,' red is likewise the fundamental center shading for similar reasons yet this time in the type of the threat light in the mouth of the passage. H.G. Wells writes in the main individual so the crowd can follow what is occurring and accept they are there, 'I have lived' The opening line establishes the pace of the story, and the crowd is loaded up with expectation. The storyteller is extremely sure, which is shown very quickly 'I can guarantee you, it will take a truly substantial apparition to terrify me.' The crowd is then viably drove into an early supposition that the storyteller will be refuted, that there will be a phantom, and it will, definitely scare him. The setting is portrayed in intimations covered up thr... ...oy it more. In this manner this brings up issues in the crowds mind, in the event that solitary he had gone straight there, he may of spared the poor man's life, assuming just, he had trusted him. At long last, that it presently looked amazingly far fetched that it was happenstance what the signalman had 'envisioned', the words, motion and even the presence of the train driver that had 'chop him down'. Pity is additionally an extraordinary factor in the end; it causes the story to have a progressively critical and miserable environment. At long last the way that the storyteller, whom had composed the story after it had occurred, completed of by giving the crowd yet more to consider, helping us to remember its obscurities, unimaginable fortuitous events and thus fortifying the sad environment. 'close at the mouth of the passage, I saw the presence of a man, with his left sleeve over his eyes, energetically waving his privilege arm.'

Africana studies final assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Africana contemplates last task - Essay Example From that point, the European forces attempted to make a range of prominence for themselves in Africa. These European forces utilized different techniques to secure these settlements of which were deception to the Africans. They included marking of settlements among African and Europeans, which were unclear and were to the upsides of Europeans. They utilized of power, which utilized military occupation, for instance, Ashanti by British, use ministers and coordinated effort. Monetary, social and political reasons drove procurement of Africa (Shreuder 90). To start with, Africa went under colonization for monetary reasons as a possibility for annulment of slave exchange. Europe needed to have an elective exchange item from Africa. Africa was plentiful in minerals, prolific grounds for agribusiness and modest work. Agrarian transformation and industrialization of the mid-nineteenth century made European force reevaluate about Africa. They expected to build wellsprings of crude materials for their developing ventures. Africa was a rich wellspring of crude materials including iron metal, copper, palm oil, elastic and cotton. Besides, these European forces needed broadened markets for their fabricated products. As outcome, they expected to grow their market in Africa. Furthermore, they needed to have an offer in African exchange gold, ivory and slaves. A portion of the European forces set up repayments and began money crop cultivating and domesticated animals keeping, for instance, the Dutch settled in Kenyan good countries. Other than the coast, they started to set up exchange contacts with significant distance dealers from the inside where they traded things of exchange. Hence, every European force needed to make sure about or shield their business inspirations by practicing political control the over wellsprings of crude material and markets (Okoth 44). Europeans attacked Africa for compassionate reasons. Other than spreading Christianity, ministers came to Africa to set up schools as intends to humanize Africans and to give wellbeing or clinical

Cass, Lewis

Cass, Lewis Cass, Lewis, 1782â€"1866, American statesman, b. Exeter, N.H. He established (1802) himself as a lawyer in Zanesville, Ohio, became a member (1806) of the state legislature, and was U.S. marshal for Ohio from 1807 to 1812. In the War of 1812, Cass's command was included against his will in the forces that Gen. William Hull surrendered to the British at Detroit in Aug., 1812. Cass later fought with distinction at the battle of the Thames (Oct. 5, 1813). Left in command at Detroit, Cass was also appointed governor of Michigan Territory, a post he filled ably for 18 years (1813â€"31). As Secretary of War (1831â€"36), he favored removal of the Native Americans beyond the Mississippi and supported President Jackson in the nullification crisis. Minister to France (1836â€"42) and U.S. Senator from Michigan (1845â€"48, 1849â€"57), Cass was the Democratic candidate for President in 1848, but because of the defection of the antislavery Democrats led by Martin Van Buren , who became the candi date of the Free-Soil party , he lost the election to the Whig candidate, Zachary Taylor. President Buchanan made (1857) Cass his Secretary of State, but he resigned in Dec., 1860, in protest against the decision not to reinforce the forts of Charleston, S.C. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Leadership Style Dr. Carroll - 1189 Words

Leadership Style During the video, Group Work: Leading in the Here and Now (Association for Specialists in Group Work, 2008), Dr. Peg Carroll led a group through the initial stage of group counseling. As Yalom and Leszcz (2005) stated, â€Å"in the beginning, the group needs direction and structure,† (p. 313). Dr. Carroll demonstrated an active approach with the clients in the group, often redirecting their comments internally towards one another. For example, at 11:20 in the video (Association for Specialists in Group Work, 2008), Dr. Carroll directed one of the clients, Art, to direct his comments to a specific individual. This occurred multiple times during the course of the session, and demonstrated Dr. Carroll’s ability to actively facilitate group communication towards one another. Even though Dr. Carroll was active in the video, there were some areas I felt she was lacking in terms of effective leadership qualities. Lieberman, Yalom, and Miles (as cited in Tinsle y, Roth, Lease, 1989) outlined four distinct group leadership factors: â€Å"emotional stimulation, caring, meaning attribution, and executive function,† (p. 49). Dr. Carroll embodied several of these factors. For instance, in regard to emotional stimulation, she â€Å"emphasized revelation of feelings, confrontation, participation as a member, self-disclosure, and drawing attention to self,† (Lieberman, Yalom, and Miles, as cited in Tinsley, Roth, Lease, 1989, p. 49). However, she also embodied executive functionShow MoreRelatedTeacher s Role Of 21st Century : Personal Debate - Module / Week 51385 Words   |  6 Pagesdebate, to clearly define the characteristics under speculation. Definitions 21st Century Teacher – this concept is not clarified by a traditional definition but by a listing of the characteristics believed to be held by these educators. Resta and Carroll (2010) provide the following as a result of a stakeholder summit on the topic: †¢ Facilitate and inspire student learning and creativity so that all students achieve in the global society. †¢ Enable students to maximize the potential of their formalRead MoreEssay about Leadership Profile of Deepak Chopra3313 Words   |  14 PagesLeadership Profile Ââ€" Dr. Deepak Chopra Introduction Servant-leader and transformational leadership models will be the lens through which this study will examine Dr.Chopras leadership style. This paper will analyze the leadership effectiveness of Dr.Chopra in his key leadership position as a world renowned medical practitioner in the U.S, and also examine how events throughout his life have ignited his passion to serve as a leader. 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Cully Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina July, 2014 Table Of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Reformed Baptist Origins†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 Colonial Baptists†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Read MoreChange Management Research6716 Words   |  27 PagesRunning head: CHANGE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Change Management Research University of Phoenix Change Management Research Effective Leadership Ââ€" FP International FP International is a privately held company with 550 employees worldwide and over $100 million in annual sales in 2005. 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The Case Management Monthly A Case Study - 961 Words

People often get caught up in the moment and do not like to think of being sick or in a serious accident that could prevent them expressing their will. In Case Management Monthly a case study was done at Kindred Hospital in San Francisco in 2010 of an elderly mother named Margaret who was brought into the hospital and placed on a ventilator to keep her alive. Her family hoping that she would recover, needed to make decision; however they did not know what their mother wanted. They tried everything to keep her alive, but were unsuccessful (Moran 1). If the patient would have discussed and prearranged an advance directive this uncomfortable position for the family could have been prevented and the family could have enjoyed the last moments of their mom’s life (Mahon 803). As technology and medicine advance, society needs to know of their options of an advance directive. There are many forms of advance directives to help protect your family and have your voice heard when you are not able to communicate. Knowing your options if a serious illness or accident occur can be useful in planning your advance directive. The forms of an advance directive is making decisions on artificial feeding, do-not-resuscitate, do not hospitalize, living wills, power of attorney and organ donation are all part of the decision making of an advance directive (Brinkman 28). These documents in place do not mean do not treat but let the individual’s voice be heard. An individual should look at theseShow MoreRelatedA Report On Using Chi Square And A Probit Model For Estimating Determinants Of Residents Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesData were analyzed for the two groups of respondents separately by using comparable analysis methods. 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Charter School Marketing Strategy Free Essays

New Heights Business Academy of Sports Leadership and Development (NHBA), a start-up charter school, located in the warehouse district of Southeast section of Memphis, Tennessee, will have its first class in August 2011. NHBA will enhance the charter school movement by introducing students to the business-side of athletics. Educators, supporters, and parents became concern after noticing the poor business decisions many athletes make during their careers. We will write a custom essay sample on Charter School Marketing Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now A mutual decision arrived that athletes did not know how to market themselves. On this idea alone, plans for NHBA were underway. What are charter schools? Charter schools are independently-ran public schools created by concerned individuals who saw there was a lack of quality education in the public school system. These schools are free to select their own educational goals and curriculum, choose their own teaching staff, and set their own standards for student behavior. In addition, they have the freedom to extend the school day and year. According to the Tennessee Charter School Association (TSCA), since 2002 seventeen charter schools operating in the State of Tennessee, with applications submitted each year. Approval for new charter school applications is through a state mandated agency, the Local Education Agency. Currently there are 24 charter schools operating in Memphis. (www. mcsk12. net) The charter school law mandates that charter school has to open it doors to all students, including physically and mentally impaired students and students of a diverse background, with first priority given to students that : * have previously attended a charter school * attend poor performing schools * scored below proficiency on the TCAP and Gateway exams * receive free or reduced lunch The law states that charter school can only select 25% of their students qualifying on free and/or reduced lunches. The remainder will come from the above categories. Charter schools are the school of choice for many parents because of the quality of education they provide. Parents are at ease knowing their child is in a safe, learning environment; their individual needs are met; and will receive the necessary tools for success. These schools have set high standards in education and must adhere to those standards if they want to remain open. However, public schools remain open no matter how they perform. According to the TCSA, 100 % of charter school funding is issued from the state and local governments. They are entitled to Title I and Special Education funds based on student enrollment. Unlike public schools, charter schools have to depend heavily on grants, donations, and fundraisers to cover costs, such as, start-up, renovation, construction, and other expenditures not incorporated in the funding budget. Commercialappeal. om printed an issue in July 2010, which stated last year charter schools received $10,394 in funding per child. Since Memphis City Schools is being tasked with overseeing charter schools, a fee of 3% will be charged. After the fee is placed, charter schools will receive $7,633 per child, excluding school lunches and other fees not obligated by the district. There will be fifteen charter schools affected by this fee. New Heights Business Academy of Sports Leadership and Development (NHBA), is a publ ic charter school that will serve prospective students in 9th thru 12th grades. NHBA will address the needs of students academically and athletically, in a business environment. As a charter school, our focus is to prepare students for college through innovation and abundance in an attractive and meticulous college-preparatory educational program, which meets the needs of today’s students. In conjunction with learning the regular subjects like Math, English and Science, NHBA focuses on Business as it prepares students for college and life, and introduces athletes to enrichment that will allow them to excel physically and psychologically. We plan to introduce students to a setting that hinges on business and athleticism development. NHBA will open in the fall of 2011 and will be accepting applications for enrollment for 100 Ninth-grade slots. The school plans to add a grade each year and hopes ultimately to serve 500 hundred students in grades 9th through 12th. NHBA is conveniently located, in Southeast Memphis on the corner of Riverdale and Winchester at 7060 Winchester Road Memphis TN 38125, in the warehouse district. Mission. At New Heights Business Academy of Sports Leadership and Development (NHBA), our mission is to academically develop and prepare students for the social environment of business and athletic professionalism through a core curriculum profoundly based on preparing them to be business literate and knowledgably confident in marketing themselves in whichever venue they choose. In pursuant of our mission, NHBA aspires to provide structured curriculums with a business foundation. Our focus is to educate and prepare potential students for college and ultimately life. NHBA’s core values include exposing prospective students to rigorous educational development to prepare them for college while instilling self worth so that our athletes recognize their value. Partnerships with parent’s students and teachers to are important to our success, so it is a priority. NHBA is a college preparatory school with a small classroom setting; we offer student-teacher ratio of 1 to 13 and focus on our number one goal the children. Environmental Analysis/Competition Southeast Memphis consists of zip codes 38141, 38125, and 38115. The combined populations for those three zip codes are 87,247. For the population for this area of the city, almost 20,000 are families with children who could be prospective students at NHBA. As a public charter school our competition are the public schools, the private schools and the optional schools in and near this area, to include other charter schools. At least eight high schools serve this vicinity, not including the private schools. Of those schools in the area, two of them are on the list for striving schools (Memphis City Schools, 2010). NHBA will focus its target first on middle schools in the Eastern section of the City of Memphis, such as Ridgeway, Kirby, Southwind, Germantown, and any other schools in the area. Our main competition will be established and upcoming charter high schools, such as Memphis Academy of Science and Engineering, Memphis Academy of Health Sciences, and KIPP Academy. Then we will expand out target market to other areas of the city. The southeastern part of the city was selected for the reason that there are no charter schools in this area. A charter school in this area will serve as a convenience to working parents who want to enroll their children in charter schools. Trends Affecting the Outcome Our school structure is in desperate need of transformation. Only 54 percent of African American high school students and 56 percent of Latino high school students graduate. Even students who receive high school diplomas often lack fundamental academic skills; nearly a third of first-year college students require remediation in math or English. In many major cities, the education crisis is confounding. In Detroit, for example, only 3 percent of economically disadvantaged eighth-graders are proficient in math (Tennessee Charter Schools Association, 2010). July 2010 Memphis school board approved fees from charter schools, over time Memphis City Schools will charge a three percent fee for overseeing the charter schools. The school board’s decision to charge the fee will mean less money for students of some charter schools (Roberts, 2010). Possible legal or regulatory issues Through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a significant amount of funding has been targeted to improve state and local education systems. Tennessee was chosen as one of the two states out of sixteen to receive grants. Over the next four years, Tennessee will receive $500 million to implement their comprehensive school reform plans (Learning Point, 2010). For NHBA’s survival, recruiting will be an important factor in retaining students. If we retain students, we receive funding. If we receive funding, we can offer an attractive program that will entice parents to enroll their students at NHBA. As with any business, the first year is the most difficult. To overcome these obstacles, NHBA and its supporters must ensure that our school offered an attractive package. We needed to know: * Did we have a clear and concise mission and vision statement? * Were we being honest and realistic about what NHBA has to offer? * Did we have a live point-of-contact and follow-up information for questions? * Is there a demand for the type of school you are marketing? * Did we know our target market? NHBA is aware that our best recruiters are out parents and students. With the aid of our supporters, we will be able to reach our target market. Other methods of advertisements will include: * Live broadcasting media – radio, television, newspapers, word of mouth * Internet – webpage; free social networks (Facebook, Twitter, MySpace) * Open houses and school workshops * Join the local chamber of commerce and/or local business associations * Mass mailing, posters, flyers, brochures At NHBA, your child will encounter a challenging, exciting, and rewarding experience that will assist them in gaining the skills and habits for college. Our faculty will go that extra mile to ensure students grasp the fundamentals in order to be successful. Due to the new trends in technology, we want to make sure our students are prepared for college. With the small learning environment, NHBA has to offer along with the student-to-teacher ratio of 13:1, students will develop close-knit relationships with their teachers and learn from individualized learning plans. In addition to this, students will benefit from added programs and student activities such as: * Advanced Placement Courses These courses are college-level courses set up where students can receive college credit after successfully passing an exam. E-courses E-school is geared to provide NHBA students with an online class experience as they would in college. * Athlete-to-Student Mentor Programs This program will afford the students to be paired with an athlete for guidance and to promote academic success. Our athletic volunteers will come from our local professional sports teams, arena sports teams, and local colleges and universities * Mandatory Parental Involvement NHBA bel ieves that parental involvement adds to the success of students. * Summer Sports Camps To promote academic and athletic leadership, NHBA will be able to participate in sports camps hosted by our professional sports teams, arena sports teams, and local colleges and universities. * Volunteer Opportunities NHBA is passionate about community service. Community involvement is one of the main reasons we will be successful. * World-wide Awareness Programs * A sport is a worldwide activity, and hopefully some of our students will play for an international team. NHBA feels that it is important for our students to be aware of what is going on in the world. In conclusion, New Heights Business Academy of Sports Leadership and Development is geared to enhance the charter school movement. Most schools promote athletic leadership, but NHBA will promote athletic development by introducing its students to the athletic business preparations. Upon graduation, NHBA students will have a clear knowledge of the athletic business goals and strategies. Our program will produce business-literate students that will be knowledgeable in marketing themselves and becoming productive citizens in the community and in any endeavors, they chose to seek. Reference Page Learning Point . (2010, June ). Retrieved 2010, from Learningpt: http://www.learningpt.org/pdfs/RttT_State_Legislation.pdf Memphis City Schools. (2010). Retrieved September 8, 2010, from www.mcsk12.net: http://www.mcsk12.net/ Roberts, J. (2010, July 20). Commercial Appeal. Retrieved September 9, 2010, from Commercial Appeal website: http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2010/jul/20/mcs-board-approves-fee-from-charter-schools/ Tennessee Charter Schools Association. (2010). Retrieved September 09, 2010, from tncharterschools: http://www.tncharterschools.org/ How to cite Charter School Marketing Strategy, Papers

Social Responsibility in Marketing Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Responsibility in Marketing. Answer: Introduction Socially responsible marketingis an ethical framework which provides that a corporation or individual has a responsibility to act as per the benefit of society at large. According to Kotler and Keller (2015, p.629), it is amarketing philosophy that is undertaken by a company which ensures that the best interest of the community is present in the business structure. It is focused on the idea that the marketing policies of a firm should not only be profit-driven, but they should also include the social and ethical values which benefit the society and citizens. Modern organizations are larger than ever, and their operations affect a large section of society. Therefore, it is necessary that their marketing policies should include social responsibility principles that can assist the company fulfilling their obligation towards the development of society. This report will focus on the requirement of socially reasonable marketing in modern businesses, and it analyzes various types of SRM met hods. Further, the report will include a recommendation for Sri Lankas companies to improve their social responsibility marketing policies based on the book of Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller. Significance of Social Responsibility in Marketing Socially responsible marketing is a philosophy which concentrates on honesty, fairness, and obligation of a corporation towards the society. As per Jahdi and Acikdilli (2009), the companies have a responsibility to implement ethical policies in their marketing strategy to ensure proper development of the community. The SRM policies involve focusing efforts on the attraction of customers which enhances the operations and revenue of the business. The examples of social responsibilities include funding charities, using recyclable packaging and promotion of social awareness campaigns. Bhattacharya, Sen and Korschun (2008) sated that many corporations have adopted social responsibility in their marketing strategy to assist the development of a community or to improve the quality of products and services. For example, the marketing department may introduce a campaign which encourages customers to buy a bundle of socks and each such purchase the company will donate one pair of socks to the people who need it. As a result of such campaign, the company can increase its sales and at the same time fulfill its obligation towards society. The fulfillment of social responsibility in marketing assists in fulfillment of ethical and moral duties of the company and also sustains the development of the community. Characteristics of socially responsible marketing Using an effective SRM model can be beneficial for a corporation, individuals, and society; security of people is the primary benefit of SRM. According to Kotler and Keller (2015, p.631), the product or service of a corporation can be hazardous to the health of people, animals or the environment. Therefore, the company should provide correct advisories and warnings to ensure that peoples lives are safe while using hazardous products. Using SRM structure allow corporations to become honest with their customer; peoples trust in a company increases if the firm implements an effective SRM model (Armstrong et al., 2015). It also allows enterprises to maintain transparency into their operations since SRM model require them to provide information regarding their products such as ingredients used or process of manufacturing. The popularity of SRM models is increasing in developing countries such as Sri Lanka because it requires corporations to ethically price their products rather them take advantage of their monopoly position (Indounas, 2008). Along with numerous benefits, there are several limitations of using SRM model as well. The main limitation of SRM is that it shifts the focus of a corporation from its organisational activities to social welfare; the shifting of focus can reduce the financial performance of a firm. The shareholders did not prefer if the company focuses on social responsibilities rather than profit maximisation; it can lead to reduction in a number of investors (Bhattacharya, Korschun and Sen, 2009). The enterprises might improve their reputation through SRM model, but they lack competitive advantage in the market which results in decreased sales and profits. Although, there are several disadvantages, the benefits of SRM assist in the safety of individuals and society. It helps enterprises to fulfill their moral duties; therefore, modern firms should implement an effective SRM model. Types of SRM According to Aguinis and Glavas (2012), there are several types of marketing concepts which include in the definition of social responsibilities in marketing such as for social marketing, quality of life, socially responsible buying, societal marketing and environmental or green marketing. The environmental or green marketing ensures that the organization is fulfilling their responsibilities towards the protection of the environment; it includes using environment-friendly material and process for manufacturing. The societal marketing model focuses on customers demands, companys requirements, and societys interest while marketing a product; the corporations should not market a product or services which are against the interest of people, firm or society (Lindgreen and Swaen, 2010). Enlightened marketing provides that a corporations marketing policy should support the long-term performance of marketing system. This concept consists of five principles, i.e., innovative marketing, consumer-oriented marketing, value marketing, societal marketing and sense of mission marketing. The innovative marketing requires the company to improve their products; the consumer-oriented marketing concentres on the demand of customers. The value marketing focus on enhancing the value of products and sense of mission suggests that corporations should include a broader view of social policies (Carroll and Shabana, 2010). Socially Responsible Business Model There are numerous examples of socially responsible corporations which have implemented an efficient, ethical model into their organizational structure such as Twillory, Rainbow Light, Juntos, Gift of Happiness, Out of Africa, Coyuchi and many others. In Sri Lanka, the popularity of SRM has grown between organisations in past few years. Many corporations, such as Commercial Bank Sri Lanka and Diesel Motor Engineering PLC, have successfully implemented SRM policies to ensure they fulfill their corporate duties. Marketing is a primary activity of an organisation and popularity of the internet, and social media platforms have increased the marketing opportunities for companies. Many firms misuse marketing to mislead the public into buy or using their products which can be detrimental to their health. Therefore, the SRM principles ensure that corporation are not misusing marketing opportunities, and they are fulfilling their moral duties. To implement an efficient socially responsible business model, companies are required to continually monitor and alter their policies as per the market requirements (Hammann, Habisch, and Pechlaner, 2009). In Sri Lanka, the companies are taking advantage of growing internet users and implementing various SRM models such as email marketing, Facebook marketing, SMS marketing and other types of web advertisements (Tsai, Chou and Hsu, 2009). Cinnamon Air, a Sri Lankan domestic airline, is a good example of effective SRM model; the company ethically advertise their services and uses Facebook and Email marketing model to present them uniquely which motivates customers to use their services and provide them positive feedback (Cinnamon Air, 2017). Other good examples are Dialog Axiata, Sampath Bank, and Mobitel which has implemented Facebook marketing SRM model. Cause Related Marketing As per Ross, Stutts, and Patterson (2011), the cause-related marketing is a mutual collaboration between a company and non-profit organization to promote the former sales of products and latter cause. The term was first introduced by the American Express in 1983 to rise donating for the Statue of Liberty's restoration. Every time a member uses a card, American express pays one cent as a donation (Demetriou, Papasolomou and Vrontis, 2010). The non-profits organization can significantly benefit from the implementation of cause-related marketing. The partnership must be established after proper evaluation of the terms as it can pose a risk for both parties reputation. For example, a worthy cause cannot get the adequate support of public if it they see it as a crass commercialism. There are several good examples of effective implementation of cause-related marketing such as CauseGood and Selfish Giving. To find cause-related marketing opportunities, the non-profit corporations should expand their research beyond the traditional method of corporate giving decision such as corporate fundamentals or giving programs. The companies should try to contact the marketing department of well-reputed corporations to make collaboration with them in cause-related marketing. The large companies may partner with the smaller or less known charities based on the worthy cause. But, mostly the companies prefer to collaborate with large non-profit enterprises or foundations simply because it provides them more exposure in the market (Vanhamme et al., 2012). Social Marketing According to Lee and Kotler (2011), the social marketing primarily focuses on social good, on the other hand, the commercial marketing concentrate on financial goals. Although the commercial marketing is focused on raising revenue, it can also contribute to the achievement of a social cause. The social marketing is an approach which is used in the development of various activities which are aimed at modifying or marinating the behavior of peoples to provide benefit to the society and individuals. According to Kotler and Keller (2015, p.638), it combines the idea of commercial marketing and social science; the social marketing can be a considerably cost-effective tool to raise donation and archive organizational goals at the same time. A company can implement social marketing approach by analyzing their target audience and conducting a market research. The social marketing encourages people to participate in a good cause without performing any other specific actions. Example of Socially Responsible Marketing There are a significant number of cases of socially corporate marketing in Sri Lanka. The country is beginning to practice the principles of social responsibility by overall progress based on strategic partnerships. It is a new holistic sense of approach adopted by the firms which include ethical competitiveness, accountability, and moral purpose (Wittman and Caron, 2009). Traditionally in Sri Lanka, the role of businesses was to generate high revenue and maximise the value of shareholders. Modern corporations are considering the importance of responsibilities of a company towards the development of the society and individuals. The corporate social responsibility policies are adopted by firms which affect human resources, legal practices, marketing and branding functions and communication department. The separation between business and development is artificial, and the line has been blurred in previous few decades. The private sectors are largely implementing the responsible policie s because they understand the role in the growth of corporations and the country as a whole (Shoji et al., 2012). Many Sri Lankan organizations have effectively implemented socially responsible marketing model into their business structure such as John Keells, Hayleys, and Hemas. These corporations analyze their duties as corporate citizens and strategically perform their business functions to ensure that they contribute to the development of local communities and the country (Munasinghe and Malkumari, 2012). John Keells Holdings PLC started its operations in the 1870s, and it has become Sri Lankas largest listed conglomerate. The SRM activities of John Keells focus on environmental, economic and social performance; the company has implemented Global Reporting Initiative (GRI-G3) framework that engages with various stakeholders and seeks to meaningfully enrich their lives (Keells, 2017). The John Keells Foundation (JFK) and Plasticcycle Social Entrepreneurship are the projects initiated by the company to fulfill their corporate duties. The marketing initiatives of the company focus on providing a true picture of the corporations product and services and its CSR vision is to empower the country for tomorrow. The corporation has successfully implemented social media marketing strategy into their organization structure which they use to ethically market their products and interact with their customers to solve their queries (LBO, 2015). The company also has committed that one percent of their earning will be contributed to the welfare and development of local communities and the environment. Hayleys PLC is another Sri Lankan conglomerate organization which was founded in 1878 by Charles P. Hayley; the company is one of the best Sri Lankan corporate citizens since it has strongly integrated corporate duties into their business model. The corporation operates in 16 countries, and it has more than 28,000 employees; the company maintain diversity into their employees and support various environmental causes to ensure that they have a positive impact on the country (Hayleys, 2017). The corporation has hired more than 40 marketing professionals who ensure that firm fulfils its social responsibilities in marketing. Hemas Holding PLC is another good example; it is a Sri Lankan conglomerate which was founded in 1948. The firm implements social responsibility principles into their marketing strategy to provide necessary information to people through advertisements such as healthcare benefits, plans, medical requirements and others (Hemas, 2017). The company uses marketing policies to expand Hemas Outreach Foundation initiative in Sri Lanka which focuses on environment, child development, and healthcare benefits (Peattie and Peattie, 2009). Recommendations According to Kotler and Keller (2015, p.372), following recommendation should be implemented by the corporations and foundations to achieve higher results in social marketing: John Keells uses social media sites to engage with customers ethically, but the company should take advantage of their large position to collaborate with other reputable charities for marketing; it will assist in improving the brand image of the firm along with its sales. But, the corporation should not misuse their position to increases profit; instead, the focus should be on fulfilling social responsibilities. Hemas has successfully implemented SRM model, but they are required to establish a specific team for marketing which conducts market research and find potential associations to establish cause-related marketing; it will reduce the time taken in achieving social responsibilities. Hayleys and Hemas should also contribute their earning to Sri Lankas local communities development, like John Keells. It will increase the reputation of corporations, and they can use it into their marketing strategy to fulfill their social responsibilities. Conclusion In conclusion, the social responsibility marketing focuses on fulfilling the corporations role regarding the ethical duties towards the individuals and society. The characteristics of social marketing include safety, honesty, transparency, ethical pricing and respecting customers privacy. In Sri Lanka, there are multiple corporations and foundation which has established socially responsible marketing model into their business structure to fulfill their obligation towards society such as John Keells Groups, Chevron lubricants, and Child Empowerment international. With the advancement of technology, market trend and government regulation, the role of social responsibility marketing will also increase in the Sri Lanka's market. References Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012. What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda.Journal of management,38(4), pp.932-968. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Bhattacharya, C.B., Korschun, D. and Sen, S., 2009. Strengthening stakeholdercompany relationships through mutually beneficial corporate social responsibility initiatives.Journal of Business ethics,85, pp.257-272. Bhattacharya, C.B., Sen, S. and Korschun, D., 2008. Using corporate social responsibility to win the war for talent. Carroll, A.B. and Shabana, K.M., 2010. The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice.International journal of management reviews,12(1), pp.85-105. Cinnamon Air., 2017. Customer Review. [Online] Cinnamon Air. Available at: https://www.cinnamonair.com/customer-reviews.html Demetriou, M., Papasolomou, I. and Vrontis, D., 2010. Cause-related marketing: Building the corporate image while supporting worthwhile causes.Journal of Brand Management,17(4), pp.266-278. Hammann, E.M., Habisch, A. and Pechlaner, H., 2009. Values that create value: socially responsible business practices in SMEsempirical evidence from German companies.Business Ethics: A European Review,18(1), pp.37-51. Hayleys., 2017. Sustainability. [Online] Hayleys. Available at: https://www.hayleys.com/sustainability/ Hemas., 2017. Sustainability. [Online] Hemas. Available at: https://www.hemas.com/social-responsibility Indounas, K., 2008. The relationship between pricing and ethics in two industrial service industries.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,23(3), pp.161-169. Jahdi, K.S. and Acikdilli, G., 2009. Marketing communications and corporate social responsibility (CSR): marriage of convenience or shotgun wedding?.Journal of Business Ethics,88(1), pp.103-113. Keells., 2017. Sustainability, CSR Social Entrepreneurship.[Online] Keells. Available at https://www.keells.com/sustainability-and-csr-social-entrepreneurship Kotler, P. t. and Keller, K.L., 2015. Marketing Management. 15th Ed. Perarson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd. LBO., 2015. John Keells Hotels says social media and online marketing will boost brand presence. [Online] LBO. Available at: https://www.lankabusinessonline.com/john-keells-hotels-says-social-media-and-online-marketing-will-help-boost-brand-presence/ Lee, N.R. and Kotler, P., 2011.Social marketing: Influencing behaviors for good. Sage. Lindgreen, A. and Swaen, V., 2010. Corporate social responsibility.International Journal of Management Reviews,12(1), pp.1-7. Munasinghe, M.A.T.K. and Malkumari, A.P., 2012. Corporate social responsibility in small and medium enterprises (SME) in Sri Lanka.Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences,3(2), p.168. Peattie, K. and Peattie, S., 2009. Social marketing: A pathway to consumption reduction?.Journal of Business Research,62(2), pp.260-268. Ross III, J.K., Stutts, M.A. and Patterson, L., 2011. Tactical considerations for the effective use of cause-related marketing.Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR),7(2), pp.58-65. Shoji, M., Aoyagi, K., Kasahara, R., Sawada, Y. and Ueyama, M., 2012. Social capital formation and credit access: Evidence from Sri Lanka.World Development,40(12), pp.2522-2536. Tsai, W.H., Chou, W.C. and Hsu, W., 2009. The sustainability balanced scorecard as a framework for selecting socially responsible investment: an effective MCDM model.Journal of the Operational Research Society,60(10), pp.1396-1410. Udayasankar, K., 2008. Corporate social responsibility and firm size.Journal of business ethics,83(2), pp.167-175. Vanhamme, J., Lindgreen, A., Reast, J. and Van Popering, N., 2012. To do well by doing good: Improving corporate image through cause-related marketing.Journal of business ethics,109(3), pp.259-274. Wittman, H.K. and Caron, C., 2009. Carbon offsets and inequality: social costs and co-benefits in Guatemala and Sri Lanka.Society and Natural Resources,22(8), pp.710-726.

The Lincoln Assassination Essays - United States,

The Lincoln Assassination On April, 14 1865 President Abraham Lincoln was shot while watching a performance of An American Cousin at Ford's Theater. President Lincoln died the next morning. The person who had killed Lincoln was John Wilkes Booth. A few days before he was killed, Lincoln had told his spouse about a dream he had, he saw a president shrouded on a catafalque in the east room of the White House. Even after this dream he attended An American Cousin at Ford's Theater. John Wilkes Booth thought the president was determined to destroy the constitution, set aside the rights reserved to the states, crush civil liberties, and restore monarchy. He saw the confederacy was the only means to of upholding the values of the founding fathers. He devoted much of late 1864 and early 1865 to a series of plots to abduct Lincoln and use his capture to nullify the Union's war aims. Every scheme ending in frustration. After Lee had surrendered to the Army of the Potomac, in the second week of April, he saw that only the most desperate measures offered any hope of salvaging the Southern Cause. Shortly before he went into the theater, he stopped at tavern for a drink. While in the bar an acquaintance jokingly remarked that "he would never be as great as his father," Booth replied by saying "When I leave the stage, I will be the most talked about man in America." The Atlanta Campaign of 1864 In the spring of 1864, Gen. W. T. Sherman concentrated the Union armies of G. H. Thomas, J. B. McPherson, and J. M. Schofield around Chattanooga. On May 6 he began to move along the railroad from Chattanooga to Atlanta. Sherman had two objectives, one was to destroy the army of General J. E. Johnston and the other was to capture Atlanta. Johnston realizing that he was outnumbered started to retreat south. Sherman tried a direct assault on Johnston's forces and was repulsed. Johnston had retreated back to the south bank of the Chattahoochee river. On July 17, John Bell Hood replaced Johnston as General. He tried to continue with Johnston's plan, but failed to stop the advance of Union troops. He retired to Atlanta, which Sherman soon had under bombardment. On September 1 Hood abandoned Atlanta, the next day Sherman moved in and burned it. The Maryland Invasion A year after the confederate defeat at Gettysburg. Robert E. Lee planned to invade the North again like he did in the campaigns of Antietam and Gettysburg. He hoped that this would be enough to get Grant to detach part of his army to protect Maryland, Pennsylvania and Washington City, or to have Grant attach fortifications and risk heavy lose. Miscellaneous Fort Pillow Massacre: An incident that took place in Fort Pillow, Tennessee, April 12, 1864. Confederate troops commanded by General N. B. Forrest, stormed and captured Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River. The garrison of black soldiers and Tennessee Unionist held out beyond all possible hope. The joint committee on the Conduct of War investigated and charged that the Confederates indiscriminately slaughtered more than 300 black soldiers. General Sherman was ordered to investigate, but his report was never published. Battle of Franklin: November 30, 1864, a Civil War engagement in which the Confederate forces were defeated. After abandoning Atlanta, General Hood reorganized the Confederate army at Lovejoy's Station. His hope was too cut off Sherman's lines of communication. The Lincoln Assassination Essays - United States, The Lincoln Assassination On April, 14 1865 President Abraham Lincoln was shot while watching a performance of An American Cousin at Ford's Theater. President Lincoln died the next morning. The person who had killed Lincoln was John Wilkes Booth. A few days before he was killed, Lincoln had told his spouse about a dream he had, he saw a president shrouded on a catafalque in the east room of the White House. Even after this dream he attended An American Cousin at Ford's Theater. John Wilkes Booth thought the president was determined to destroy the constitution, set aside the rights reserved to the states, crush civil liberties, and restore monarchy. He saw the confederacy was the only means to of upholding the values of the founding fathers. He devoted much of late 1864 and early 1865 to a series of plots to abduct Lincoln and use his capture to nullify the Union's war aims. Every scheme ending in frustration. After Lee had surrendered to the Army of the Potomac, in the second week of April, he saw that only the most desperate measures offered any hope of salvaging the Southern Cause. Shortly before he went into the theater, he stopped at tavern for a drink. While in the bar an acquaintance jokingly remarked that "he would never be as great as his father," Booth replied by saying "When I leave the stage, I will be the most talked about man in America." The Atlanta Campaign of 1864 In the spring of 1864, Gen. W. T. Sherman concentrated the Union armies of G. H. Thomas, J. B. McPherson, and J. M. Schofield around Chattanooga. On May 6 he began to move along the railroad from Chattanooga to Atlanta. Sherman had two objectives, one was to destroy the army of General J. E. Johnston and the other was to capture Atlanta. Johnston realizing that he was outnumbered started to retreat south. Sherman tried a direct assault on Johnston's forces and was repulsed. Johnston had retreated back to the south bank of the Chattahoochee river. On July 17, John Bell Hood replaced Johnston as General. He tried to continue with Johnston's plan, but failed to stop the advance of Union troops. He retired to Atlanta, which Sherman soon had under bombardment. On September 1 Hood abandoned Atlanta, the next day Sherman moved in and burned it. The Maryland Invasion A year after the confederate defeat at Gettysburg. Robert E. Lee planned to invade the North again like he did in the campaigns of Antietam and Gettysburg. He hoped that this would be enough to get Grant to detach part of his army to protect Maryland, Pennsylvania and Washington City, or to have Grant attach fortifications and risk heavy lose. Miscellaneous Fort Pillow Massacre: An incident that took place in Fort Pillow, Tennessee, April 12, 1864. Confederate troops commanded by General N. B. Forrest, stormed and captured Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River. The garrison of black soldiers and Tennessee Unionist held out beyond all possible hope. The joint committee on the Conduct of War investigated and charged that the Confederates indiscriminately slaughtered more than 300 black soldiers. General Sherman was ordered to investigate, but his report was never published. Battle of Franklin: November 30, 1864, a Civil War engagement in which the Confederate forces were defeated. After abandoning Atlanta, General Hood reorganized the Confederate army at Lovejoy's Station. His hope was too cut off Sherman's lines of communication.

Nerdy Proud Professor Ramos Blog

Nerdy Proud For as long as I can remember, I always wanted to be a scientist. When I was five years old, I was obsessed with the movie Jurassic Park and had a dinosaur themed birthday party because I was fascinated with paleontology. I thought it was amazing how people could find bones of animals that lived millions of years ago and figure out what species they were, how they interacted with other animals, what they ate, etc. At eleven years old, I read the Kane Chronicles series, which was about two siblings (Carter and Sadie Kane) who discover that the gods and goddesses of Egypt were real, they were descendants of pharaohs, and could do magic. After reading those books, I immediately started researching ancient Egypt and thought studying that awesome culture would be an amazing job. Finally at twelve years old, I found my calling: Astrophysics. I hardly remember anything that happened during summer vacation in 2012 but the one memory I will never forget is when my dad suggested that we go stargazing. My best friend from childhood had come to house for a sleepover and we were bored by the time it was evening so my dad suggested that we look for satellites. â€Å"You can see satellites?!†, I asked because I did not know anything about satellites and space at the time. My dad laughed and said â€Å"Of course† then we went to backyard. He explained that satellites will look like a regular star but it will move across the sky so we waited and watched the stars. I remember thinking about how pretty the stars looked and how it was cool that they unintentionally made constellations like the Big Dipper then I heard my dad say, â€Å"I see one!!!†. My friend and I looked up and found the satellite my dad was looking at. Sure enough it looked exactly like a moving star and all I could think was â€Å"Humans are a mazing.† It took millions of years for humans to evolve into what we are and we were able to develop a need for knowledge. That need drove us to building satellites and rovers so that we could explore the infinite universe and I immediately knew that I wanted to be a part of that. The next day my friend went home and I started watching all of the space documentaries on Netflix. The things that exist in this universe are wild. There are black holes that somehow have enough gravity to rip up stars, bend light, and keep an entire galaxy from breaking up. Stars can get the element Hydrogen and create Helium, Beryllium, Carbon, and the other elements from the periodic table just from that element. Also, all the stars that we see in the night sky could have their own solar systems with their planets that could have intelligent life form. All in all it was amazing that in the billions of years that it took for the universe to form, I somehow came to be and I realized that I wanted my life to be dedicated to astronomy. I didn’t really talk about my astronomy passion during middle school with my friends but once I reached high school, I was a little more open about it; the people I hung out with did not care for that. I remember one time I was talking about this article I read about the elements used in fireworks and when I was done, they all stared at me blankly and said, â€Å"You’re such a nerd.† Looking back, I should not have been offended because what’s wrong with being a nerd? Nothing but at the time, I decided to not be vocal about those things. Of course, it wasn’t everyone that made fun of my passions. My mom, for example, had always loved science since she was a kid so she was ecstatic when I started showing interest in astronomy and encouraged me to keep reading. My dad was supportive in a different way; when I was ten years old, I wasn’t reading as much because I just didn’t know what else to read besides kids books like Junie B. Jones. My dad noticed so he went out and bought me two young adult novels. My favorite book out of the two was The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate, which was about an eleven year old girl in the 1800’s who was inspired by her grandfather to be a naturalist. How could I not love it? It was relatable because it was about a girl who fell in love with science. It was also informational because it was set in the 1800’s so I was able to learn what it was like to live in that time period. Unfortunately I lost the book years ago but my dad told me that there was another r eason behind buying me those books. A couple months ago, we were sitting in his apartment and at some point, I asked him if he remembered buying me those novels. â€Å"I remember†, He said then ran his hand through his hair and asked, â€Å"Do you know the reason why I bought you them?†. I nodded and replied, â€Å"Yeah, you wanted me to read on a higher level.† â€Å"That was one reason†, he said with a smile, â€Å"I also made sure that I got books that were about women doing things besides being a housewife and a mom. I wanted you to know that you can be anything.† Now I don’t really cry a lot but I was very close to shedding tears that day. After that conversation, I thought â€Å"SCREW WHAT PEOPLE THINK!†. I knew what career I wanted and I knew how to get it so why did it matter what a few people thought of it? Once I achieve my dream of working at NASA, I will be able to do what I’ve wanted to do since I was twelve years old: study the physics of the cosmos. Sometimes I do doubt and question myself and when I do, I think of this quote that Stephen Hawking (RIP) said, â€Å"So remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes a universe exist. Be curious. And however difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at. It matters that you dont give up.

How does the media effect body image in teen girls Essay

How does the media effect body image in teen girls - Essay Example The idea of the ‘Barbie complex’ is not new, but the importance placed on being blonde, slim and young has created a culture that is inordinately focused upon appearance to the great detriment of most of its members. This is largely the result of a concerted effort brought forward by the big cosmetic giants that depend on this flawed perception for their profits. The links between advertising, female perception of themselves and serious physical and mental disorders are abundantly clear. The media world depends to a large extent upon the money it receives from advertisers to stay alive, but these advertisers depend to a large degree upon selling their products. The best way to sell a product is to ensure that the product is something that will be needed perpetually, that there will always be some kind of demand for the product. A very effective technique in doing this is to set an ideal that is nearly impossible to achieve and then selling products that are geared toward bringing someone closer to this ideal, as has been done in the dieting and cosmetic markets. â€Å"Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight† (Jean Kilbourne, media activist, cited in â€Å"Beauty and Body Image†, 2009). This is only started with the portrayal of women in the media as â€Å"the images of impossibly thin models overwhelm today’s teenage girls.   U nbelievably, most models are thinner than 98 percent of American girls and women† (Bartell, 2008), which is also the source for everyone else to form their ideas of what the ideal female body should look like. Thus, friends, boyfriends, parents and others all add to the pressure for girls to attain, regardless of how impossible it might be, the shapes and forms represented in the media. While some may argue that this isn’t really as prevalent as the

Japanese media and pop culture in East Asia, especially in Korea Essay

Japanese media and pop culture in East Asia, especially in Korea - Essay Example Japan is one of the few countries that started experimenting with the television in 1920’s (Brown, J., & Brown, J. 2006, 198). Television, however, began dominating Japan’s households in the 1950’s. The NHK General TV and the Nippon Television were the first television programs. In as much as TV programs may vary across stations, News programs dominate the early morning hours. The early evenings comprise anime programs. On the other hand, most movies occur in the night hours. It is crucial to highlight that the typical Japanese television has always entailed dramas, animes, and science fiction movies. Both Korea and Japan strive to satisfy a diversified consumer base that comprises different preferences. For instance, adults prefer serious television programs such as news and political discussions. On the other hand, the younger generation gears towards anime and movies. Pop idols emerged in Japan in the early 1970’s. The society was growing out of conservatism and it entailed a reconnaissance that favored the proliferation of pop idols in Japanese cultural scene. In the Japanese cultural scene, idols are teens and twenty-year old young people who are considered media-attractive. Pop idols may be singers for popular groups, TV personalities, models, and actors. Sylvie Vartan, a Ye-Ye singer, was one of the most significant pop idols that ushered a new cultural scene in Japan (Iwabuchi, K. 2004, 124). By acting in a French film, Cherchez, she attracted instant popularity. Another prominent example regards the case of Momoe Yamaguchi, who became a singer and acted in several television dramas. It is essential to highlight that such pop idols appeared and quickly disappeared from the limelight. In the 1980’s, there would be as many as forty idols that would appear in a year. The popularity of female idols, however, waned in the 1990â€⠄¢s due to rising rock idols such as Kinki Kids and V6 (Craig, T. J. 2000, 89). Unlike their

Working Mothers And Womens Equality At Work Social Work Essay

Working Mothers And Womens Equality At Work Social Work Essay Due to changing trends in the world, many women continue to enter the workforce day and night performing almost similar duties like men. Motivated by a number of factors ranging from social to economic environment surrounding the move has always sparked debates not only among men but also in women who argue against the idea. The debate revolves around working versus those women who stay at home and take care of their families especially children. These concerns explore existence of any effects of working mothers to their children in terms of academic performance in schools and their emotional development which significantly depends on what happens at childhood. Another concern is the possibility of high stress levels faced by working mothers on a daily basis compared to their counterparts at home. This research analysis utilized findings from experts and surveys aimed at unraveling the truth about working mothers. Introduction Who are working mothers? This is a label name which refers to women who have career jobs and responsibilities apart from taking care of their children and husband at home. The number of this type of women has continued to increase not only in the neither United States, nor Europe but all over the world. Even as immense criticism continues to surround the idea of working women, it is of paramount need to focus on some of the factors which contribute to this phenomenon. It is clear that the world is always at a constant change process in terms of social believes, practices and also economic transformation. Many women have opted to join the work a way of enhancing equality with men who believe that women are supposed to be stationed at home and carry out domestic duties (Randall, 2003). The question that ponders the mind of many is whether the notion of working mothers is the only focal point in addressing the issue of gender equality in the society. Is there a better approach? Definite ly there are considerable realistic and workable ways of establishing a society that recognizes men and women as equal beings. Although viewed negatively by some people, many women believe that by joining the work force, there would be significant ease and improvement in meeting the family needs. Sharing of family responsibilities between men and women is by far a very important idea. With increasing global economic hitches, there is every need for every family in the world to establish ways of making ends meet without extreme straining. As a result, working mothers believe that this is the only way of lessening family crisis which may arise from unsatisfied needs and unmet expenses which can be shared between a husband and wife. This sounds human and acceptable but it has lacked taste in a number of men in the world and other women who still advocate for stay home mothers in the 21st century. It is clear that the question of whether women need to be incorporated in the workforce like men still causes controversy. With growing working opportunities for both men and women, it is very normal for girls to go to school, join colleges and universities and secure jobs just like their male counterparts. This is quite commendable. However, the basis of this argument rests on the opportunity cost incurred when women join the workforce. It is believed that working women make inefficient mothers. Although this varies from one person to the other, sociologists argue that there is usually little or no time left for children brought up by working mothers. Additionally, working women experience a lot of stress compared to non working mothers who spent their entire time with their families (Harper Richards, 1986). This is attributed to overwhelming demands which may arise from work stations and homes. Balancing of time between the two masters, job and family remains a mega challenge amon g working women in the world. Statement of problem According to this research, very little has been done with regard to the effect of working mothers on their childrens emotional development and academic behavior. As a result, the research explores the general impact of working mothers on their children compared to non working women. Research questions What is the negative impact of a working mother on a childs academics and emotions? What is the positive impact of a working mother on the life of her child? What is the impact of non working mothers on their childrens life? Literature review Working mothers has received massive coverage from both individuals and groups of people aimed at unraveling the truth which surround this debate topic. However, many people reckon that the idea is quite open with a wide range of views which may vary from person to person. One of search people who have invested time in sociological research is Elizabeth Perle McKenna. In her 1998 research, McKenna analyses the relationship between work and family as experienced by working women around the globe. She exhaustibly dwells on the issue of work and identity and the dissatisfaction which arises when work does not give intended satisfaction. She argues that many women find themselves ignoring pivotal areas of their lives by devoting their time and concentration to work (McKenna, 1998). This devotion is usually aimed at attaining certain traditional symbols of success like money, challenging jobs and power. As viewed by McKenna, women entered the workforce massively under terms that were designed by men. They were eager and full of passion of leaving the old fashion of staying at home. They did this like immigrants abandoning their natural habitat and adapting to the workforce designed for and by men to suit their lifestyle and nature. Unfortunately, most if not all working systems have been designed to define men based on what they do and not who they are (McKenna, 1998). This system calls for long working hours in order to gain recognition and reward. This is still the case today even though almost sixty percent of women in the United States belong to the working class. In other words, the workforce does not recognize the nature of women with regard to the diverse responsibilities they have at home. It assumes the fact that women belong at home. McKenna writes this book from a personal experience and recalls moments in her life when she found it hard to balance work with growing famil y needs until she had to quit her job after having changed career severally. McKenna admits that women who are unable to quit working find it hard to balance between work and family responsibilities. She poses that although many women want attain success as traditionally defined, it is almost impossible excel career-wise and thrill as a good mother, caregiver and a good wife. She notes that the pursuit of such identity breeds nothing but depression, stress and finally burnout. Research findings This research found out that working mothers have a wide range of impact on their families with special emphasis on their children. Non working mothers have all the time to take care of their families and provide necessary care and love to their young ones. Children born of working mothers experience difficulties during their early stages of development. As young beings, children need enough time from their caregivers who are non other their mothers. In the absence of this care emotional impact is felt which may affect up to the academic capabilities of such children. Working mothers also experience emanating from challenges of time balancing (Peters 1968). On the other hand, working men feel independent and provide families needs including among others, childrens quality food. Both working and non working children may significantly influence the development process of children. Discussion The number of working mothers has continued to rise from about 30% in 1970s to approximately 50% in early 21st century. This has significantly affected the life of many children. (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1999). Children from families with working mothers have emotional depressions with measurable difficulties in their academic life. There is also continuing research on the effect of mothers working stress on children. Even as this research continues, the fact is that a child is always hyper sensitive to the emotional status of the mother before and even after birth. Do children born of working mothers receive sufficient attention and care? When mothers spend almost full of their day time at work, many children less effective especially at school. Since most working mothers maximize their working time when children are in their pre-school, these children show wanting and unappealing results (Cavel, 2001). These children feel some form of emptiness which ends up affecting their class concentration and general performance compared to children whose mothers are not working. It is also important to affirm that a childs early stages are very important in shaping his character and personality. Children who spend less time with their mothers as a result of work commitments are likely to experience hardships in language development which goes further to affect a childs academic progress. This is because learning in class mainly depends on communication propagated by language proficiency (Associated Press, 1999). Working mothers also experience a lot of stress which arise from the inability to balance between work and family needs. These two responsibilities appear to be like two jobs which are being handled by one person at the same time. As a result, these mothers are ever in a hurry to catch up with time and attend to unfinished duties at home and at work place. These mothers end up meeting the needs of the family with very few men willing to share the responsibility (Gershaw, 1988). In the event that a child falls sick, mothers find it difficult to fully attend to the child at the expense of her sleeping job. They also feel stressed over their own lives. Many working women are not willing to give birth. In other words, working continues to rob women off their mothering ability. Although working mothers have significant negative impact on their children, these mothers also have all the reasons to smile and the need for them to receive recognition. There are positive impacts generated by these mothers with the baseline of it being provision of basic needs, especially food. Many children brought up by working mothers live in considerably good standards compared to those of non working mothers. Working mothers usually have a wide domain of choices in terms of dietary. This ensures good childcare and healthy upbringing (Booth, 2000). A working mother is also a challenge to her children (Figes, 2001). As the immediate role model, mothers play a mega role in shaping the character of her children. Children admire good character and adorable achievements realized by those people who surround them. Therefore working mothers challenge their children to work hard and experience better achievements compared to what may she has. Conclusion In general, working mothers negatively impact their children. This is mainly witnessed in areas of emotional development and academic performance. This is mainly due to the inability to balance between family responsibilities and demands of the job. Stress is also common among working mothers a trend that is significantly low among non working mothers. It should be noted that working is highly encouraged among family members. However, mothers should devote most of their time to taking care of their children. They can take up less demanding jobs especially at tender ages of their children.

Final Team Case Essay

Case Background Co-Founders Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett started Hewlett-Packard (HP) in 1939 inside a small one car garage behind Packard’s house. The two finished their studies as electrical engineers at Stanford University in 1934 and became close friends. They decided to start their own business â€Å"and make a run for it†, formalizing their partnership January 1, 1939. (The HP Way). They decide the company’s name with a coin toss that one car garage became the office of Hewlett-Packard. At the time it was started HP had $538 in working capital and little more than a couple hundred dollars worth of assets. It was in that garage that HP’s legacy was born, when Bill and Dave created the first HP product – the Audio Oscillator HP200A. Following the invention of their first product, the pair moved into a small building down the street from their famed garage and hired their first employees. â€Å"Walt Disney Studios placed an order for eight HP 200B audio oscill ators for the movie Fantasia—HP’s first big sale.† (High Tech: Winning Success In Silicon Valley). Another milestone was reached in 1940 when HP sent out its first ever Christmas bonus in the amount of $5. This Christmas bonus set the tone for all bonuses to come, as it quickly turned into a production bonus and soon helped to shape the company wide profit sharing plan that HP adapts. In 1942 HP builds its first ever company owned building, and in order to protect themselves build it so that it can be easily converted to a convenience store should the electronics industry fail. One of the most important milestones for the company was reached in 1947, as HP became a true Corporation. HP also caught attention for their Management by Walking Around and Open Door Policy programs. In 1957 HP had its initial public offering of stock and wrote their first set of corporate objectives, which set the tone for their management style as a company. In 1958 HP made its first â€Å"sizeable acquisition when they purchased F.L. Moseley Company†, which further expanded their product line. ( Maddox). The late 50’s and 60’s were an extremely important time for HP as a company as it was during this time that they became a global company by building a manufacturing plant in Germany. It was also during this time that they created their Division Separation structure where they separated profit and loss accountability  between divisions. This division was thought to help keep employees nimble while fostering motivation and creativity. During the 60’s HP further developed itself by entering into the medical field with the purchase of Sanborn Company. They also had their stock listed on the New York and Pacific Stock exchanges and were listed in Fortune 500’s top companies at 460. It was also during the 60’s that HP created its first computer, which was used in house to control company tests. HP also creates their first scientific calculator around this time, which also gained critical success. Further helping promote HP products Dave Packard was appo inted U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense in 1969. In 1977 John Young became president of HP replacing Bill Hewlett. In the early 80’s HP took much more interest in the personal computing industry as it was during this time that they create the first mass marketed personal computer. They also enter into creating printers for use with their personal computers, the printers HP manufactured during this time set the standard for the direction in which printers would evolve. In 1987 Bill Hewlett retired as vice chairman of the board of directors, his son Walter Hewlett and David W Packard (son of Dave Packard) step up to take his place. In 1992 Lew Platt became HP president and CEO who was the first president and CEO of HP to not be a member of the Hewlett or Packard family. In 1993 Dave Packard relinquishes his chair of the board of director’s position to Lew Platt. Possibly one of the most damaging events hits HP in 1996 when Dave Packard one of the original founders dies. In 1999 Carly Fiorina becomes President and CEO of HP. In 2002 HP merged with Compaq Computer. This merger created an â€Å"$87 billion entity† which operates in more than 160 countries and has almost 150,000 employees. (Dykman, Davis, & Lamb). â€Å"Quite a change from a company which 70 years ago started in a 1 car garage shack with 2 college kids who had $500 to work with!† (Hewlett Packard Company) Today, HP provides consumers a wide range of products and services from digital photography to digital entertainment and from computing to home printing. This comprehensive portfolio helps the company match the right products, services, and solutions to their customers’ specific needs. Hewlett-Packard’s Vision Statement We strive to improve the environmental performance of our customers, our supply chain, and our own operations. We give people the tools and solutions  to build a better today while preparing to address the challenges of tomorrow. Motto: Purpose Statement To lead in the marketplace by developing and delivering useful and innovative products, services and solutions. Mission Statement Committed to global responsibility by being economic, intellectual and a social asset, demonstrate commitment to our employees by promoting creative work that reflects our values, and earn customer respect and loyalty by consistently providing the highest quality and value while achieving finance growth. Values Statement HP’s values embody the qualities, beliefs, and principles that will ensure organizational success. â€Å"It is necessary that people work together in unison toward common objectives and avoid working at cross purposes at all levels if the ultimate in efficiency and achievement is to be obtained.†-Dave Packard Trust and respect for individuals We work together to create a culture of inclusion built on trust, respect and dignity for all. Achievement and contribution We strive for excellence in all we do; each person’s contribution is critical to our success. Results through teamwork We effectively collaborate, always looking for more efficient ways to serve our customers. Meaningful innovation We are the technology company that invents the useful and the significant. Uncompromising integrity We are open, honest and direct in our dealings. Issue Statement In order for the company to remain one of the world’s leading producers of the latest technological advances, HP must face the following issues head-on: 1. Their ability to remain a top tier leader in the technology industry through innovative products 2. Strive in meeting the continued needs of various shareholders by increasing HP shares 3. Maintain customer loyalty by producing quality yet reasonable prices and exemplarily  customer service 4. Finding ways to reduce our global footprint worldwide through advances in green solutions Management Question: What does CEO, Meg Whitman, need to do to retain and recommit HP to the PC business and reintroduce products her predecessor discarded? Stakeholder Analysis * Communities * Customers * Employees * Investors * Legislators and regulators * Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) * Suppliers * Universities Stakeholder Expectations and Expectation (See Exhibit 1.1) Stakeholders Key Issues With the unwavering success of new entrants into the market HPs stakeholder’s main issue is their ability to be innovative and competitive in the market. Competitors such as Apple has gained a significant competitive advantage in the technology industry forcing HP to evaluate how they do business. SWOTS Strengths * Hewlett-Packard (HP) is a global provider of personal systems, imaging and printing products, and technology solutions. * It is the largest player in the inkjet and laser printer market. * HP is also one of the market leaders in the global PC market. * HP has a very strong distribution Hewlett-Packard’s primary strength is its business position. The enterprise has a large amount of cash in hand about $10 billion. * Hewlett-Packard is a global enterprise and especially after its merger with Compaq, the company became world’s biggest computer hardware and peripherals  consort in the world and has ranked 20th in the Fortune 500 list. * Hewlett Packard is operating in more than 170 countries including both developed as well as under-developed. * Being a global dealer of computer hardware, it gives HP many advantages like dominating printers market, both laser and inkjet. The company attracts and focuses on consumers from even newly found markets all around the world, multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations etc. * The company competes both at local and international level. * It has increased its competitiveness through policies and strategies that supports free-market economies. * HP is a leading supplier in the growing IT markets. Weaknesses * HP uses the Windows platform in all its I-PAQ phones. Incidentally, I-PAQ phones have been much criticized for not being very Windows friendly in a lot of user forums. * The inability to react quickly to changing market conditions and demands is a weakness of HP. * The company was in a long term debt for many years which kept it from investing in different growth opportunities. * The touch pads of the notebooks of Hewlett Packard like the dv series, dm3, and Envy lines needs improvement. These touch pads are either finicky, unreliable, or are difficult to use because of friction. * The mouse buttons on various HP supplied machines are said to be clumsy to use, too. * Poor shelling life of HP products plagued some mainstream systems and net books. * The past acquisition of Peregrine made the HP’s portfolio even more diverse and complete but HP Open View’s lack of mainframe management capabilities created several problems. * Another weakness was that it did not yet hit a CMDB product that includes discovery and mapping. This cause many customers to switch the brand. Opportunities * Expansion in alternative client computing architectures and other emerging mobile computing devices gives a good opportunity for HP. * The mobile phone market is forecasted to grow tremendously. * The recent acquisition of EDS puts HP at a strong position in the computer market and makes it portfolio more impressive. * Hewlett-Packard was able to generate large number of revenues and profits from its different deals and  raised more than six billion which it can use to pay off its debts as well as invest in different research and development activities. * If the products by the company are supplied at reasonable prices, there will be more chances of growth as the demand would increase. * The company has formed Customer Solutions Group that helps in selling the complete IT solutions, products and services by HP. Threats * Hyper-competitive environment – Companies such as Dell, Toshiba, Lenova Group and Acer are formidable competitors for HP. * It competes in terms of price, brand, quality, technology, distribution and range of products, among other factors. * Other mobile operating systems such as Symbian, iPhone, and Linux are on the rise and they too pose a threat to HP. * Operating in global market means many competitors and therefore, the company has to be at the forefront of changing technologies as well as addressing the changing customer demands and needs. * The global economic recession is also a threat for the company’s sales and profits. The prices have also fallen as the stock markets are at historic low positions. * Many other competitors including Dell are entering the printer business whereas IBM has become a market leader. 3. Organizational Design Analysis Division of Labor in the Ambidextrous Orgainzation: Organic characteristics such as decentralization and employee freedom are excellent for initiating ideas, but these same conditions often make it hard to implement a change because employees are less likely to comply. Employees can ignore the innovation because of decentralization and generally loose structure. HP has such problem and it is necessary to overlay the ambidextrous approach, which speaks to incorporate structure and management process that are appropriate to both creation and the implementation of innovation. The ambidextrous approach looks at HP’s design elements that are important for exploring new ideas versus the design elements that are most suitable for exploiting HP’s current capabilities. Exploration means encouraging creativity and developing new ideas, whereas exploitation means implementing those ideas to produce routine products. HP can be designed to behave in an organic way for exploring new ideas and in a  mechanistic way to exploit and use the ideas. Research under HP could use an ambidextrous approach by designing for both exploration and exploitation perform better and are significantly more successful in launching innovative new products or services. Through research, using this model as an overlay, HP’s creative department should use the organic structure to expand its capabilities such as reducing their global worldwide footprint through advances in green solutions. The economy of China has been growing at a robust rate since last few years. China’s recently released five-year plan signifies a new phase of growth through the expansion of domestic consumption, driving a low-carbon economy, fostering innovation and achieving balanced social and economic growth (Datamonitor PLC, 2012). The growth of HP’s mobile tablet PC market, entry into the smartphone market expects to grow strongly in the coming years. The growth is expected to be driven by the demand from the US and Asia Pacific regions. In 2010, the market was led by the North American region with approximately 35% market share. By 2014, Asia Pacific region including China expects to lead the tablet PC market (Datamonitor, 2011). In February 2011, HP launched the HP TouchPad, a 9.7-inch tablet PC that runs on webOS 3.0. The company plans to make available this product in the coming months. The company’s increased focus on the tablet PC segment will enable it to benefit from the growing market (Datamonitor, 2011). HP entered the smartphone market with the acquisition of Palm, a provider of smartphones powered by the Palm WebOS mobile operating system, in July 2010. The launch of new smartphones with an updated version of WebOS will enable the company to effectively compete with each other players in the market, including Apple and Google (Datamonitor, 2011). In addition, provide the healthcare markets with products beyond the capabilities of their competitors. HP has been focusing on providing healthcare solutions in recent times. In January 2010, the company and McKesson collaborated to work on electric health record (EHR) adoption at independent physician practices. HP’s solutions targeting healthcare sector will enable it to increase its revenues in the company years (Datamonitor, 2011). The creative department could use an organic structure to explore and  develop new ideas to face intense competition from Apple, RIM, and Nokia. Under an organic structure, HP will be able to react quickly to those competitors having a positive effect on revenues and profitability of the company in the long run. Looking at the mechanistic structure HP could exploit capabilities and apply routine implementation of innovations. An example of this looks at HP leading market position in the global printers market. HP ships more than one millions printer per week. Strong market position in various market segments provides economies of scale for the company, including increasing their customer base (Datamonitor, 2011). The Four Types of Change Provide a Strategic Competitive Wedge: Managers can focus on four types of change within organizations to achieve strategic advantage. These four types of change are technology, products and services, strategy and structure, and culture. These factors provide an overall context within which the four types of change serve as a competitive wedge to achieve an advantage in the international environment. HP has an unique configuration of products and services, strategy and structure, culture, and technologies that can be focused for maximum impact upon the its c hosen markets. Technology changes are changes in an organization’s production process, including its knowledge and skill base, that enable distinctive competence. These changes are designed to make production more efficient or to produce greater volume. Changes in technology involve the techniques for making products or services. They include work methods, equipment, and workflow. In the case of HP, the competitive-intelligence (CI) chief of HP has focused his intention to offer free shipping for printer cartridges, its development of â€Å"print status monitor software which will prompt customers to purchase replacement cartridges,† and numerous technical specifications. Only but a few minor errors, the CI team had nailed everything: prices, specs, software details (Varchaver & Burke, 2007). Products and services changes pertain to the product or service outputs of HP. New products and services are normally designed to increase the market share or to develop new markets, customers, or clients. If correctly  applied, HP can bring together existing technologies in a new way to serve a new market. HP has a broad product portfolio. HP’s services segment offers consulting, outsourcing and technology services across infrastructure, applications and business process domains. Its services encompass the data center and the workplace (desktop); network and communications; and security, compliance; business continuity; warranty support; technology consulting and systems integration solutions (Datamonitor, 2012). Strategy and structure changes pertain to the administrative domain in an organization. The administrative domain involves the supervision and management of management, policies, rewards systems, labor relations, coordination devices, management information and control systems, and accounting and budgeting systems. Strategy, structure, and systems changes are usually top-down–that is, mandated by top management–whereas product and technology changes often come from the bottom up. To make the strategy successful, they identified a new set of key performance metrics to track how effectively the company was meeting goals of competitive costs, high quality, and great service. This change also proved to be successful in the long run. A culture change refers to changes in the values, attitudes, expectations, beliefs, abilities, and behavior of employees. Culture change pertains to changes in how employees think; these are changes in mindset rather than technology, structure, or products. Culture change can be particularly difficult because people don’t think their attitudes and beliefs easily. The four types of change are interdependent– a change in one often means a change in another. The structural change was an outgrowth of the technology change. HP is an independent system, and changing one part often has implications for other parts of HP. Porter’s Competitive Strategies- Michael E. Porter studied a number of business organizations and proposed mangers can make the orgainzation more profitable and less vulnerable by adopting either a differentiation strategy or a low-cost strategy. Appling a low-cost leadership strategy means managers choose to compete through lower  costs, whereas with a differentiation strategy the orgainzation compete through the ability to offer unique or distinctive products and services that command a premium price. Each strategy can vary in scope from broad to narrow. That is, an organization can choose to compete in many market and customer segments or to focus on a specific market or buying group. Appling this model to HP revels the organizations focuses on low-cost leadership strategy with a broad scope where HP provides goods and services to customers at cheaper prices. HP uses the low-cost strategy with their printer / copier product line where tight controls to produce products more efficiently than its competitors. Low-cost leadership strategy using a broad scope is concerned primarily with stability rather than taking risks or seeking new opportunities for innovation and growth. For HP, this means it can achieve higher profits than competitors because of it can efficiency and lower operation costs. Also, this strategy puts HP in a better position to prevent loss of market share. 4. Identification and Evaluation of Alternatives 1. Encourage technology change by using skunkworks Pros: Focuses on breakthrough ideas for HP Give highly talented employees time and freedom to keep HP on the cutting edge This group could be highly autonomous and secretive while creating Cons: May create a subculture under HP’s vision Risk of skunkworks wasting resources and come away with nothing to show Ideas may be behind competitor’s organization’s skunkworks teams 2. Empower employees through the bottom-up approach Pros: Employees are motivated to figure out the best ways to get their jobs done Supports the right culture that drive high performance Employees at all levels feel part of the vision / change or the organization Cons: Employees ideas could go nowhere Ideas could get lost between the layers of management Employees may become focused on â€Å"looking for shortcuts† in the process 3. Discover a distinct pattern of tailoring innovations to customer needs by using the Horizontal Coordination Model Pros: Increases the amount of new product development Improves the different possible developed products Gives HP the edge in meeting customer needs and circumventing manufacturing / marketing ideas Cons: If not properly applied, the connections is lost between employees and customers If not properly applies, the coordination between departments are not shared Must be driven by top managers to function well 5. Recommended Alternatives- Based on the models and discussed alternatives, I recommend HP will be best able to adapt to the changing external environment by proceeding with the Horizontal Coordination. This means HP’s technical, marketing, and production employees share ideas and information. All departments would have a say if / when a product gets introduced in the market. Specialization means every department are highly competent at their own tasks. Boundary spanning means each department under HP vision will be linked with involvement on new products and has an excellent linkage with relevant sectors in the external environment. Under boundary spanning, employees are aware of recent scientific developments and personnel are closely linked to customer needs. Horizontal coordination stresses the importance of sharing ideas between technical, marketing, and production. I would not recommend using skunkworks or the bottom-up approach. Skunkworks has a great possibility of developing a subculture that may not support HP’s overall vision. Using the bottom-up approach may go dry after employees discover their ideas are going unnoticed or getting lost while traveling through the layers of management. 6. Implementation and Conclusion Elements for Successful Change- Regardless of the type or scope of change, there are identifiable stages of innovation, which generally occur as a sequence of events, through innovation stages may overlap. For a change to be successful implemented, HP’s mangers must make sure each element occurs in the organization. If one of the elements is missing, the change process  will fail. 1. Ideas. Change is an outward expression of ideas. Ideas can come from within or from outside the organization, 2. Need. Ideas are generally not seriously considered unless there is a perceived need for change. A perceived need for change occurs when managers see a gap between actual performance and desired performance in the organization. 3. Decision to adopt. The decision to adopt occurs when managers or other decision makers choose to go ahead with a proposed idea at HP. 4. Implementation. Implementation occurs when HP’s members actually use a new idea, technique, or behavior. Materials and equipment may have to be acquired, and workers may have to be trained to use the new idea. This is the most difficult part for HP. Until people use the new idea, no change has actually taken place. 5. Resources. Change does not happen on its own; it requires time and resources, for both creating and implementing a new idea. Employees at HP must provide energy to see both the need and the idea to meet that need. In conclusion, strong market position in various markets segments provides economies of scale for the company, besides increasing its chance of winning customers. However, intense competition will adversely affect the revenues and profitability of the company in ling term (Datamonitor, 2011). Works Cited 1. Daft, R. (2010). Organization Theory & Design. (11th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. 2. Datamonitor. (2011). Hewlett-Packard Company 3. HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY Palo Alto, California. (2008). Microwave Journal, 51(7), 120-126. 4. Hewlett Packard Company. 2007 November 19. 30 March 2008 . 5. High Tech: Winning Success In Silicon Valley. (1984). Ebony, 40(1), 37 6. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.hp.com/go/history